It is strange to think that I only had a rough idea of what a Pine Marten, was before this week. I was not aware of its existence and the vulnerable population status in the U.K. However, thanks to the interesting talk by David Bavin in support of the Vincent Wildlife Trust (http://www.vwt.org.uk/species/pine-marten), I have a better understanding on the Pine Marten’s conservation status in Scotland and the efforts to reinforce this native species in Wales.
There have been 3 groups of the species that have been introduced into Scotland, England and Wales, and Ireland. Pine Martens are about the size of a domestic cat with white rings on the ears and a full coat that thickens in the winter months. The Pine Marten has a variation in diet, including berries and nuts throughout the autumn mouth, but they are mostly carnivores. There is a habitat of rich quality then males may only territorially cover a 1km2 area, however, it has been recorded that there some parts in the Scottish highlands territories can range over 32Km2
Pine Martens can live for an average of 15 years in the wild, producing 2-3 kits a year. Sadly, they have a low survival rate from predation. It only takes a small change to the environment conditions to upset this precariously increasing population or to send it into decline. The species are naturally in decline due to resource competition, low fecundity or predation should be left to extinction, if that’s what is in store for them. However, the Pine Marten is a native species and so seen as important to Wales, but if it was introduced at one point.
However, the Pine Marten has a staggering population decline. This is due to human intervention, whether it is through habitat loss for agriculture, persecution for fur, or hunting due to Pine Martens being perceived as a ‘pest’ by make dens in outbuildings due to the lack of tree cavities available to them, humans are responsible for this species being rare in the U.K.
Despite the above negatives, Pine Martens does have some benefits; by having an increase in biodiversity it offers more predation on and therefore reduction of the grey squirrel populations in Ireland.
Conservation is a difficult area, however I agree that the Pine Marten population has been decimated by human activity and it is great to hear that they are actively conserved, protected and involvement in the work done by the Vincent Wildlife Trust.